A roof structure is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, sunlight and wind. The word denotes the framing or composition which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of an roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building that it addresses, the available roof covering materials and the local traditions of building and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the design of a rooftop are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated glass, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of parts of the planet ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.
The construction of any roof depends upon its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roofing is pitched. The pitch is the perspective of which the roof increases from its lowest to highest point. Most US home structures, except in very dried locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes may take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and traditions. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, also to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rain, an almost level roof with a slight run-off provides adequate protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes take away the need for a sloping roof top also.
A person that specializes in roofing construction is named a roofer.The durability of an roofing is a matter of matter because the roof covering is usually the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or damage can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof covering is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof covering are a account in its composition and the decision of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous materials especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is installed under the outer layer often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against high temperature and cold, sound, dirt and grime and often from the lice and droppings of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed going out of a space between your tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce warming caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are plastic material or felt sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed straight below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular significantly, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roof can suffer from problems such as the formation of snow dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on top parts of the roof to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams arise when high temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those things melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This may bring about structural destruction from stress, including the damage of gutter and drainage systems.
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