A roof covering is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of an roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building that it protects, the available roof materials and the local traditions of development and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mostly against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof covering may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the look of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the planet ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and real wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of the roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof top is pitched. The pitch is the perspective of which the roof increases from its least expensive to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dry areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes might remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and appearance. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainfall, an almost smooth roof with hook run-off provides satisfactory protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the dependence on a sloping roof.
Somebody who specializes in rooftop construction is named a roofer.The durability of an roof covering is a subject of matter because the roof is often the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or devastation can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof top is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an rooftop are a consideration in its composition and the choice of roofing material.Some roof materials, those of natural fibrous material particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside coating. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against temperature and cold, noise, mud and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce warming caused by the sun.Types of insulation are thought or cheap sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other material directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming significantly popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems including the formation of glaciers dams about the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on upper parts of the roof to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams take place when heat escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true items melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This can bring about structural damage from stress, like the damage of gutter and drainage systems.
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