A roof is part of your building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, sunlight and wind. The term denotes the framing or framework which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of your roof are based mostly upon the goal of the building it covers, the available roofing materials and the neighborhood traditions of development and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing might provide additional living space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of a roof depends upon its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint at which the roof goes up from its minimum to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dry regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes may remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and custom. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In areas where there is little rain, an almost smooth roof with hook run-off provides satisfactory protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes take away the dependence on a sloping rooftop also.
A person that specializes in roof covering construction is called a roofer.The durability of the roof is a subject of matter because the roof top is usually the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or damage can have serious results.
Because the reason for a rooftop is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a rooftop are a account in its structure and the choice of roofing materials.Some roof materials, especially those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside layer. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against heating and cold, sound, dirt and grime and often from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed going out of a space between the tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce heat caused by the sun.Types of insulation are experienced or cheap sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed straight below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become increasingly popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roof can suffer from problems like the formation of snow dams around the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams occur when temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This can result in structural harm from stress, including the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
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