A roof covering is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of an building or shelter which provides protection from pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are dependent upon the goal of the building that this protects, the available roof materials and the neighborhood traditions of building and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA rooftop might provide additional liveable space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof depends upon its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the angle at which the roof goes up from its most affordable to highest point. Most US local architecture, except in very dried areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes might remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and appearance. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rainfall, an almost even roof with a slight run-off provides enough protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also take away the dependence on a sloping rooftop.
A person that specializes in roof covering construction is named a roofer.The durability of a roof top is a subject of matter because the roof covering is often the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or damage can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a rooftop is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of your rooftop are a factor in its composition and the decision of roofing material.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous material specifically, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside layer. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against heating and cold, noise, dirt and frequently from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce heating up caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are felt or cheap sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other materials directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become ever more popular, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof can suffer from problems like the formation of ice dams around the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing drinking water from melted snow on top parts of the roof covering to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams take place when heating escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true items melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This may cause structural destruction from stress, including the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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