A rooftop is part of a building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The word denotes the framing or composition which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of any roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building it addresses, the available roof covering materials and the neighborhood traditions of structure and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects mostly against rain. A verandah might be roofed with material that defends against natural light but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure could also provide additional liveable space, for example a rooftop garden.The elements in the look of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the planet ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and hardwood shingles and shakes.
The construction of your roof is determined by its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof is pitched. The pitch is the angle at which the roof rises from its most affordable to highest point. Most US local structures, except in very dried up parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes may remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and custom. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainfall, an almost even roof with a slight run-off provides enough protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes take away the need for a sloping roofing also.
A person that specializes in roof top construction is named a roofer.The durability of an roofing is a subject of concern because the roof top is usually the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or harm can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof top is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roof covering are a consideration in its structure and the choice of roofing material.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous materials especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside level. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against temperature and cold, noise, mud and often from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the roof surface, it can reduce heating up caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are vinyl or felt sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other material directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular more and more, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roof covering can have problems with problems including the formation of glaciers dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing drinking water from melted snow on top parts of the roof to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams appear when warmth escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those factors melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This can cause structural harm from stress, including the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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