A roof covering is part of the building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which provides protection from family pets and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, sunlight and wind. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of a roof are reliant upon the goal of the building so it covers, the available roofing materials and the neighborhood traditions of structure and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with material that protects against natural light but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof might provide additional liveable space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the design of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and lumber shakes and shingles.
The construction of the roof depends upon its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the perspective at which the roof increases from its most affordable to highest point. Most US local structures, except in very dried out parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes may take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of tradition and aesthetics. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainwater, an almost level roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also remove the dependence on a sloping rooftop.
A person that specializes in roofing construction is named a roofer.The durability of the roof is a matter of matter because the roofing is often the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or harm can have serious results.
Because the reason for a rooftop is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof are a awareness in its framework and the choice of roofing material.Some roof materials, especially those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside coating. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against warmth and cold, noises, dirt and grime and frequently from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce heating system caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are clear plastic or sensed sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other materials immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming more and more popular, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofer can have problems with problems including the formation of snow dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on top parts of the roof structure to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams happen when heat escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those points melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This may result in structural destruction from stress, like the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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