A roof is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The term denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of any roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building it addresses, the available roofer materials and the neighborhood traditions of structure and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure may provide additional living space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the design of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and solid wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof depends upon its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint at which the roof rises from its minimum to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dry parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes may remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and appearance. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In regions where there is little rain, an almost flat roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping rooftop also.
Somebody who specializes in roof construction is named a roofer.The durability of your roof covering is a matter of matter because the roof is often the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or devastation can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof covering are a consideration in its structure and the choice of roofing materials.Some roofer materials, those of natural fibrous material especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the exterior part often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against temperature and cold, noises, dirt and grime and often from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the roof top surface, it can reduce heat caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are vinyl or felt sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed directly below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming progressively popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems such as the formation of ice dams around the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof top to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams appear when heat escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those tips melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This can cause structural damage from stress, like the devastation of gutter and drainage systems.
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