A rooftop is part of your building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of your building or shelter which provides protection from family pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of your roof are dependent upon the goal of the building that it protects, the available roofing materials and the local traditions of structure and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mainly against rain. A verandah might be roofed with materials that helps to protect against sun rays but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the design of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and hardwood shingles and shakes.
The construction of the roof depends upon its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof goes up from its lowest to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried out parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes might remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and looks. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rainwater, an almost toned roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the dependence on a sloping roof covering.
Somebody who specializes in roof construction is called a roofer.The durability of the roofing is a matter of concern because the roofing is usually the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or damage can have serious results.
Because the reason for a rooftop is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof top are a consideration in its structure and the choice of roofing material.Some roof materials, especially those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the external coating. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against high temperature and cold, sound, dirt and often from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce heating caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are thought or plastic material sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed straight below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming ever more popular, and in some instances are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roof can have problems with problems including the formation of ice dams across the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on upper parts of the roofing to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams happen when heating escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true things melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may bring about structural harm from stress, including the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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