A roof covering is part of any building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of an building or shelter which provides protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of a roof are centered upon the goal of the building so it protects, the available roof covering materials and the local traditions of development and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects mostly against rain. A verandah might be roofed with material that protects against sunshine but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure might provide additional liveable space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and timber shakes and shingles.
The construction of the roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof rises from its minimum to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dry out regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes may take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and traditions. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In regions where there is little rainfall, an almost chiseled roof with a slight run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping roof top also.
A person that specializes in roof construction is called a roofer.The durability of an roof structure is a matter of matter because the roof covering is often the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or devastation can have serious results.
Because the reason for a rooftop is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the rooftop are a awareness in its framework and the choice of roofing material.Some roofer materials, those of natural fibrous materials particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the exterior part. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against temperature and cold, sound, dirt and often from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed departing a space between the tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce home heating caused by the sun.Types of insulation are clear plastic or noticed sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other materials straight; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become progressively more popular, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofing can suffer from problems including the formation of glaciers dams around the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing normal water from melted snow on higher elements of the roof covering to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams appear when warmth escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those tips melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This may result in structural damage from stress, like the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
roof shapes click on the roof shapes to display their trussed rafter
Roof Framing Geometry: Rafter Tools+ for iPhone Hip Rafter Layout
the hip rafter layout diagram below for the layout process
Roof Framing Geometry: Rafter Tools+ for iPhone Hip Rafter Layout
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