A roofing is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which provides protection from pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The term denotes the framing or framework which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of an roof are centered upon the purpose of the building so it includes, the available roof covering materials and the neighborhood traditions of construction and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with materials that shields against natural light but admits the other elements. The roof of your garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof covering may also provide additional living space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and solid wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of any roof depends upon its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof goes up from its most affordable to highest point. Most US local architecture, except in very dried up areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes might remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and looks. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rainwater, an almost smooth roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the dependence on a sloping roof structure.
A person that specializes in roof top construction is called a roofer.The durability of any roof is a subject of concern because the roofing is often the least accessible part of your building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or harm can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof structure is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of your roof structure are a concern in its structure and the choice of roofing materials.Some roof covering materials, those of natural fibrous material specifically, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the exterior covering. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against temperature and cold, noises, dirt and grime and frequently from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed going out of a space between your tiles and the roof top surface, it can reduce heating up caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are plastic or sensed sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other material straight; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become more and more popular, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roof can suffer from problems such as the formation of snow dams around the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof top to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams arise when warmth escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This may result in structural destruction from stress, including the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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