A rooftop is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from family pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of a roof are based mostly upon the purpose of the building that it covers, the available roof materials and the neighborhood traditions of engineering and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mostly against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top could also provide additional liveable space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and lumber shakes and shingles.
The construction of any roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roofing is pitched. The pitch is the perspective of which the roof increases from its most affordable to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried out regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes may take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and aesthetics. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rain, an almost toned roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes take away the dependence on a sloping roof covering also.
Somebody who specializes in roof structure construction is named a roofer.The durability of a rooftop is a matter of concern because the roof top is usually the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof structure is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roof top are a thought in its structure and the choice of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous materials specifically, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside layer. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against heating and cold, noise, dirt and frequently from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between your tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce heating up caused by the sun.Types of insulation are clear plastic or believed sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other material directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular progressively more, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofing can suffer from problems such as the formation of ice dams about the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on higher elements of the roof structure to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams appear when temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true items melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This can lead to structural damage from stress, including the damage of gutter and drainage systems.
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