A roof top is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are based mostly upon the purpose of the building that it protects, the available roof covering materials and the local traditions of engineering and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with material that shields against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure may also provide additional living space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof depends upon its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof rises from its lowest to highest point. Most US local structures, except in very dried up locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes may take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of tradition and appearance. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainfall, an almost toned roof with hook run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the need for a sloping rooftop also.
Somebody who specializes in roof covering construction is called a roofer.The durability of a rooftop is a matter of concern because the roof structure is often the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof covering is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roof top are a awareness in its composition and the decision of roofing materials.Some roof materials, particularly those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the exterior covering. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against heat and cold, noises, dirt and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed going out of a space between the tiles and the roof surface, it can reduce heating up caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are felt or plastic material sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other materials straight; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular ever more, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofing can suffer from problems including the formation of ice dams across the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof structure to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams occur when warmth escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This can bring about structural harm from stress, including the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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Conversely pitch times run in feet = Height difference
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