A roof is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of an building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are based mostly upon the goal of the building that this protects, the available roofing materials and the neighborhood traditions of construction and wider principles of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof covering may provide additional living space, for example a rooftop garden.The elements in the design of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of your roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and hardwood shakes and shingles.
The construction of any roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roofing is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint at which the roof rises from its least expensive to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dry out areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes might remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and tradition. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rainwater, an almost toned roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes take away the dependence on a sloping roof structure also.
A person that specializes in roof top construction is named a roofer.The durability of your roof structure is a matter of concern because the roof is usually the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof covering are a account in its composition and the decision of roofing material.Some roof materials, especially those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the exterior layer. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against heat and cold, noises, dirt and frequently from the lice and droppings of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed leaving a space between your tiles and the roof top surface, it can reduce heat caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are experienced or clear plastic sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed immediately below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming increasingly popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofer can suffer from problems like the formation of glaciers dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams occur when high temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true tips melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This may result in structural damage from stress, like the damage of drainage and gutter systems.
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