A roof top is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are reliant upon the goal of the building that this protects, the available roofing materials and the neighborhood traditions of structure and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with materials that defends against sunshine but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof may also provide additional living space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of any roof is determined by its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the angle at which the roof goes up from its least expensive to highest point. Most US home structures, except in very dry areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes may take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and aesthetics. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainwater, an almost even roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also remove the need for a sloping roofing.
A person that specializes in roof structure construction is named a roofer.The durability of the roof structure is a subject of matter because the rooftop is often the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roofing are a factor in its framework and the choice of roofing material.Some roof materials, those of natural fibrous material specifically, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the external covering. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against heat and cold, noise, dirt and often from the droppings and lice of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed going out of a space between your tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce heat caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are plastic or sensed sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other material immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming significantly popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofer can suffer from problems such as the formation of ice dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing drinking water from melted snow on upper parts of the rooftop to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams occur when temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those tips melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This can bring about structural damage from stress, including the damage of drainage and gutter systems.
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