A rooftop is part of a building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The term denotes the framing or structure which helps that covering also.[1]The characteristics of any roof are based mostly upon the purpose of the building that this includes, the available roof covering materials and the local traditions of building and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with materials that helps to protect against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of your garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof covering may also provide additional living space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the look of a roof are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the planet ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and lumber shakes and shingles.
The construction of any roof depends upon its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the angle at which the roof rises from its minimum to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dried areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes may take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of looks and tradition. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rainfall, an almost chiseled roof with a slight run-off provides enough protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes take away the need for a sloping roof covering also.
A person that specializes in roof structure construction is named a roofer.The durability of your roof is a matter of matter because the roof top is often the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or harm can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof structure is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any rooftop are a concern in its structure and the choice of roofing material.Some roofer materials, particularly those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside covering. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against temperature and cold, sound, dirt and frequently from the droppings and lice of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the roof top surface, it can reduce heat caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are felt or clear plastic sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other materials immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming significantly popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofer can have problems with problems such as the formation of snow dams round the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing normal water from melted snow on top elements of the roof covering to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams happen when warmth escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those details melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This can result in structural destruction from stress, including the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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Map from American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE http://publicecodes
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