A roof covering is part of your building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of your building or shelter which gives protection from pets and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of an roof are based mostly upon the goal of the building which it addresses, the available roof materials and the neighborhood traditions of development and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA rooftop could also provide additional living space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a rooftop are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated glass, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the entire world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.
The construction of your roof depends upon its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint at which the roof increases from its lowest to highest point. Most US local architecture, except in very dry out locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes may remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of tradition and aesthetics. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In regions where there is little rainfall, an almost level roof with hook run-off provides sufficient protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also take away the dependence on a sloping roofing.
Somebody who specializes in roof structure construction is named a roofer.The durability of the roof structure is a subject of concern because the rooftop is usually the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or damage can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof is to safeguard people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of your roof top are a factor in its framework and the decision of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, especially those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the external level often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against warmth and cold, noises, dirt and grime and often from the lice and droppings of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between your tiles and the roof surface, it can reduce heat caused by the sun.Types of insulation are vinyl or experienced sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other materials immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular more and more, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofing can suffer from problems like the formation of snow dams about the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on higher elements of the roof covering to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams appear when heating escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those details melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This can result in structural destruction from stress, including the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
load case b if torsional load cases are required then
For comparison, here’s the Pratt truss I used in the previous post.
Wind Mitigation Inspectors? home, contractor, home inspectors Fort
Wind Safety of the Building Envelope Whole Building Design Guide
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