A roof top is part of a building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of a roof are reliant upon the goal of the building so it covers, the available roof materials and the neighborhood traditions of building and wider principles of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof might provide additional living space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of any roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the angle at which the roof increases from its lowest to highest point. Most US local architecture, except in very dried locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes may remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and appearance. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, also to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In parts where there is little rain, an almost flat roof with hook run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping roofing also.
Somebody who specializes in roofing construction is named a roofer.The durability of your roof is a subject of matter because the roof structure is usually the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof covering is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roof are a thought in its composition and the decision of roofing material.Some roof materials, specifically those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the external layer. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against heating and cold, noises, mud and frequently from the lice and droppings of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed departing a space between the tiles and the roof surface, it can reduce heat caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are plastic or felt sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other material straight; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become progressively more popular, and in some instances are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof covering can suffer from problems including the formation of snow dams about the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on upper elements of the roof top to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams happen when heating escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true items melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This may result in structural destruction from stress, including the devastation of gutter and drainage systems.
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