A roof is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which provides protection from family pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building so it covers, the available roofing materials and the neighborhood traditions of engineering and wider principles of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mostly against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of your garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top may provide additional living space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof depends upon its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof increases from its minimum to highest point. Most US local architecture, except in very dried areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes may remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and appearance. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rainwater, an almost flat roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes take away the need for a sloping roof covering also.
A person that specializes in rooftop construction is called a roofer.The durability of a roof covering is a subject of concern because the roof is usually the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or damage can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a rooftop is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roofing are a factor in its framework and the decision of roofing material.Some roofer materials, particularly those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the exterior level. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against temperature and cold, noises, dirt and often from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed departing a space between your tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce home heating caused by the sun.Types of insulation are sensed or cheap sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other materials immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular significantly, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof covering can suffer from problems including the formation of snow dams round the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on higher parts of the rooftop to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams take place when high temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those details melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This may bring about structural harm from stress, including the damage of gutter and drainage systems.
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