A rooftop is part of any building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of your building or shelter which gives protection from family pets and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of a roof are reliant upon the goal of the building which it addresses, the available roof materials and the local traditions of development and wider principles of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof might provide additional liveable space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and timber shakes and shingles.
The construction of a roof depends upon its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up roofing is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint of which the roof goes up from its most affordable to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried up locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes might remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of tradition and appearance. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainfall, an almost toned roof with a slight run-off provides satisfactory protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also take away the dependence on a sloping roof structure.
Somebody who specializes in roof construction is called a roofer.The durability of the roof covering is a subject of concern because the roofing is usually the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or destruction can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof covering is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roof top are a factor in its structure and the choice of roofing material.Some roof covering materials, especially those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the external covering. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against temperature and cold, noises, dirt and grime and frequently from the lice and droppings of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed departing a space between the tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce heating up caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are experienced or clear plastic sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other materials directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become progressively popular, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roof can have problems with problems like the formation of ice dams throughout the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on top elements of the roofing to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams occur when temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true tips melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may lead to structural destruction from stress, including the damage of gutter and drainage systems.
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