A roof covering is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which provides protection from family pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, sunlight and wind. The term denotes the framing or framework which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of a roof are based mostly upon the goal of the building so it addresses, the available roof materials and the local traditions of structure and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof covering may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof covering garden.The elements in the design of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the earth ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and solid wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of your roof depends upon its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof goes up from its least expensive to highest point. Most US home structures, except in very dried parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes may take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and looks. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In areas where there is little rain, an almost flat roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes take away the dependence on a sloping roof covering also.
A person that specializes in roofing construction is called a roofer.The durability of a roof structure is a subject of matter because the roof is usually the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or harm can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roofing is to safeguard people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof structure are a consideration in its composition and the choice of roofing materials.Some roof covering materials, specifically those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the outer layer. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against heat and cold, noises, dirt and grime and often from the lice and droppings of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed going out of a space between the tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce heating up caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are clear plastic or believed sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other material straight; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular increasingly, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofer can have problems with problems such as the formation of glaciers dams across the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on top elements of the roof to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams take place when heat escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those tips melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This may lead to structural damage from stress, like the damage of gutter and drainage systems.
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