A rooftop is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which provides protection from family pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The term denotes the framing or structure which helps that covering also.[1]The characteristics of a roof are centered upon the goal of the building that this includes, the available roof covering materials and the local traditions of structure and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah might be roofed with material that helps to protect against sunshine but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof covering garden.The elements in the design of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the planet ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and timber shingles and shakes.
The construction of the roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roofing is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof increases from its least expensive to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dried up locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes might remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and aesthetics. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rainfall, an almost chiseled roof with a slight run-off provides adequate protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping roof top also.
A person that specializes in roof top construction is named a roofer.The durability of the roof structure is a subject of matter because the roof is often the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or damage can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof top is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of your roof top are a factor in its structure and the choice of roofing materials.Some roof materials, those of natural fibrous material specifically, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the exterior level. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against warmth and cold, noises, dirt and grime and frequently from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce heat caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are thought or plastic material sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed immediately below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular progressively, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roof covering can have problems with problems including the formation of glaciers dams across the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on upper elements of the roofing to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams occur when heating escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This can bring about structural damage from stress, including the damage of drainage and gutter systems.
Roof Framing Geometry: Rafter Tools+ for iPhone Hip Rafter Layout
hip roofs easy rafters can be used to calculate standard hip roofs
We will use the details of the illustration above for this explanation
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