A roof top is part of a building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, sunlight and wind. The word denotes the framing or framework which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of an roof are reliant upon the goal of the building that it covers, the available roofer materials and the neighborhood traditions of structure and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah might be roofed with material that defends against natural light but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top may provide additional liveable space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a rooftop are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and hardwood shingles and shakes.
The construction of the roof depends upon its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof top is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof goes up from its most affordable to highest point. Most US home structures, except in very dried up areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes may remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and looks. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainfall, an almost toned roof with a slight run-off provides satisfactory protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the dependence on a sloping roof structure.
A person that specializes in roofing construction is named a roofer.The durability of an roof is a subject of concern because the roofing is often the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or devastation can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roof covering are a factor in its structure and the choice of roofing material.Some roof materials, particularly those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the external coating often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against warmth and cold, sound, dirt and grime and frequently from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed departing a space between your tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce warming caused by the sun.Types of insulation are plastic material or sensed sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed directly below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming ever more popular, and in some instances are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof covering can have problems with problems like the formation of glaciers dams about the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams happen when high temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those things melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This may result in structural destruction from stress, like the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
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