A roof structure is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, sunlight and wind. The word denotes the framing or composition which helps that covering also.[1]The characteristics of a roof are centered upon the goal of the building which it addresses, the available roofing materials and the local traditions of structure and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top might provide additional living space, for example a rooftop garden.The elements in the design of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and solid wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of an roof depends upon its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the perspective of which the roof rises from its minimum to highest point. Most US home structures, except in very dry out areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes may take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and appearance. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainwater, an almost level roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes take away the need for a sloping roof structure also.
A person that specializes in rooftop construction is named a roofer.The durability of an rooftop is a matter of concern because the roof is often the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof covering is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roof are a factor in its composition and the choice of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous materials particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the outside level often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against high temperature and cold, noises, dirt and grime and often from the lice and droppings of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed departing a space between the tiles and the roof top surface, it can reduce warming caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are plastic material or believed sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other materials straight; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become increasingly popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roof can suffer from problems including the formation of ice dams about the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing drinking water from melted snow on top parts of the roof covering to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams happen when heating escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true details melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This can cause structural destruction from stress, like the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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