A roof is part of a building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from pets or animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of an roof are reliant upon the purpose of the building it includes, the available roofer materials and the local traditions of engineering and wider principles of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with materials that helps to protect against sun light but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA rooftop may also provide additional living space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the design of a rooftop are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the globe ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and real wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of a roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up roofing is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof goes up from its lowest to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dried out areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes may remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of looks and custom. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainfall, an almost flat roof with hook run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also take away the need for a sloping roof top.
Somebody who specializes in roofing construction is named a roofer.The durability of any roof is a subject of concern because the roof structure is often the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a rooftop is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roof structure are a awareness in its composition and the decision of roofing material.Some roof materials, those of natural fibrous material especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the outer covering often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against high temperature and cold, noises, dirt and often from the lice and droppings of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between your tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce home heating caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are thought or cheap sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other materials straight; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular progressively more, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roof can suffer from problems including the formation of snow dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on upper elements of the roof to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams take place when heat escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may bring about structural harm from stress, like the damage of drainage and gutter systems.
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