A roof covering is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The word denotes the framing or composition which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of any roof are based mostly upon the goal of the building that it protects, the available roof materials and the local traditions of engineering and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of your garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof covering may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the design of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.
The construction of a roof depends upon its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint at which the roof increases from its minimum to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dried up areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes might remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and aesthetics. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In regions where there is little rain, an almost flat roof with hook run-off provides enough protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes take away the dependence on a sloping roofing also.
A person that specializes in roof construction is called a roofer.The durability of your roof is a matter of concern because the roof top is usually the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a rooftop is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roof structure are a awareness in its structure and the decision of roofing material.Some roof covering materials, those of natural fibrous material specifically, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the exterior coating often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against warmth and cold, noise, dirt and frequently from the droppings and lice of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between your tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce heating caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are experienced or plastic sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed straight below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular ever more, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems like the formation of glaciers dams round the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on higher elements of the roof covering to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams arise when heating escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true details melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This can cause structural damage from stress, like the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
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