A roof top is part of any building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which provides protection from animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of any roof are based mostly upon the purpose of the building it covers, the available roof covering materials and the neighborhood traditions of structure and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing could also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the look of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the planet ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of the roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roofing is pitched. The pitch is the position at which the roof rises from its minimum to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dry parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes might take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of looks and traditions. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainfall, an almost flat roof with hook run-off provides enough protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also remove the dependence on a sloping roof covering.
Somebody who specializes in roof construction is called a roofer.The durability of an rooftop is a matter of concern because the roof covering is often the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roof covering are a concern in its composition and the choice of roofing material.Some roofer materials, especially those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the outer level. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against high temperature and cold, noises, dirt and grime and frequently from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the roof top surface, it can reduce warming caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are sensed or clear plastic sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed directly below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become progressively more popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roof covering can suffer from problems including the formation of glaciers dams throughout the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on higher elements of the roofing to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams happen when heating escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true tips melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This can result in structural damage from stress, including the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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