A roof is part of the building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are reliant upon the goal of the building it addresses, the available roofing materials and the local traditions of building and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with materials that shields against sun light but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA rooftop may provide additional liveable space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the design of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the entire world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and real wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of any roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the perspective at which the roof goes up from its least expensive to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dry out locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes may take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and appearance. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In areas where there is little rain, an almost smooth roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also take away the dependence on a sloping roof.
Somebody who specializes in rooftop construction is named a roofer.The durability of your roof covering is a subject of concern because the roof is usually the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or destruction can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roofing is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roof structure are a factor in its composition and the choice of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous materials particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the exterior layer. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against heat and cold, noises, dirt and grime and frequently from the droppings and lice of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed departing a space between your tiles and the roof top surface, it can reduce heating up caused by the sun.Types of insulation are plastic material or felt sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed immediately below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular increasingly, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofer can suffer from problems such as the formation of snow dams about the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams take place when warmth escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This may lead to structural harm from stress, like the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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