A roof is part of any building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The term denotes the framing or framework which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of an roof are dependent upon the goal of the building that this addresses, the available roofing materials and the local traditions of engineering and wider principles of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects mainly against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top could also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the design of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof depends upon its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint at which the roof rises from its minimum to highest point. Most US local structures, except in very dried up locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes might take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of tradition and aesthetics. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rainwater, an almost smooth roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the dependence on a sloping roofing.
A person that specializes in rooftop construction is called a roofer.The durability of the rooftop is a matter of concern because the roof covering is often the least accessible part of your building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or damage can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roofing is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any rooftop are a thought in its framework and the choice of roofing material.Some roofer materials, especially those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside layer. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against temperature and cold, noise, mud and frequently from the lice and droppings of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed going out of a space between the tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce heating caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are believed or cheap sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed directly below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular progressively, and in some instances are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof covering can have problems with problems like the formation of glaciers dams about the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing drinking water from melted snow on higher elements of the roof structure to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams happen when temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true items melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This can lead to structural damage from stress, like the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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