A roof is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which gives protection from family pets and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of a roof are reliant upon the purpose of the building it includes, the available roof covering materials and the local traditions of building and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects generally against rain. A verandah might be roofed with material that protects against natural light but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure may provide additional liveable space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the look of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the globe ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of the roof depends upon its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof is pitched. The pitch is the perspective of which the roof goes up from its least expensive to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dry out regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes may remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of tradition and appearance. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In areas where there is little rain, an almost flat roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also remove the need for a sloping roofing.
A person that specializes in roof top construction is called a roofer.The durability of any roof is a matter of concern because the roofing is usually the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or harm can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roofing is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roofing are a awareness in its structure and the choice of roofing material.Some roof covering materials, specifically those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the outside covering often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against heating and cold, noise, mud and frequently from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed leaving a space between your tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce heating system caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are vinyl or believed sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other materials immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular progressively more, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems including the formation of ice dams throughout the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on upper parts of the roof top to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams happen when warmth escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those points melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may result in structural damage from stress, like the devastation of gutter and drainage systems.
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