us roof and building data ground snow load p g psf 5 psf 300 psf roof

A rooftop is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of an building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word denotes the framing or framework which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of a roof are reliant upon the purpose of the building it protects, the available roof materials and the local traditions of development and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.Shack manufactured from date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof covering might provide additional liveable space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the look of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of parts of the earth ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.The construction of any roof is determined by its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roofing is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof increases from its lowest to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dry parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes may remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and traditions. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and partially regarding practicalities.Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In areas where there is little rain, an almost even roof with hook run-off provides sufficient protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also remove the need for a sloping roof covering.Somebody who specializes in roof construction is named a roofer.The durability of an roof structure is a subject of concern because the roof is often the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or damage can have serious results.Because the reason for a roof top is to safeguard people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof top are a account in its structure and the decision of roofing materials.Some roof covering materials, especially those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the outside covering often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against heating and cold, sound, dirt and grime and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed departing a space between your tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce heat caused by the sun.Types of insulation are plastic or thought sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed straight below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular more and more, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.Poorly protected and ventilated roof can suffer from problems such as the formation of glaciers dams across the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on upper elements of the rooftop to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams occur when temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those factors melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This can bring about structural harm from stress, like the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.

To enable the designer to determine the maximum design load for each

cca2013fallcpm [licensed for noncommercial use only] / Shan Sanby Yu

Load Case A and B for a hip roof. Unfortunately, Table A is missing

12. MAIN ROOF. DESIGN LOADS

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