A roofing is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word denotes the framing or framework which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of any roof are reliant upon the goal of the building so it covers, the available roofing materials and the local traditions of structure and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mainly against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure may provide additional living space, for example a rooftop garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of your roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and timber shingles and shakes.
The construction of any roof is determined by its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint of which the roof rises from its lowest to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dried out regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes may take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and custom. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainwater, an almost chiseled roof with a slight run-off provides enough protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes take away the need for a sloping roof also.
Somebody who specializes in roof structure construction is called a roofer.The durability of a roof structure is a subject of concern because the roof is usually the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or destruction can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof covering is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an rooftop are a consideration in its framework and the decision of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous materials particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the external covering often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against warmth and cold, noises, dirt and grime and frequently from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce home heating caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are believed or cheap sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed directly below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become increasingly popular, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof covering can suffer from problems including the formation of snow dams throughout the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing drinking water from melted snow on upper elements of the roof covering to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams arise when heat escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true factors melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This may bring about structural destruction from stress, including the devastation of gutter and drainage systems.
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