A roof structure is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The word denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of your roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building it includes, the available roofing materials and the neighborhood traditions of construction and wider principles of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with materials that helps to protect against natural light but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA rooftop may provide additional liveable space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and solid wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of any roof is determined by its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up rooftop is pitched. The pitch is the angle at which the roof goes up from its minimum to highest point. Most US home structures, except in very dried up parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes may remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and tradition. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainfall, an almost flat roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes take away the dependence on a sloping roof also.
A person that specializes in roofing construction is named a roofer.The durability of the roof is a matter of matter because the rooftop is usually the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof top are a account in its framework and the decision of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, particularly those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the outer part often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against temperature and cold, noise, dirt and grime and often from the lice and droppings of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed going out of a space between the tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce heating up caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are believed or plastic sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed straight below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become progressively popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems like the formation of snow dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing drinking water from melted snow on top elements of the roof top to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams arise when heating escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those details melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This may lead to structural destruction from stress, including the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
Draw the Hip Rafter Plumb Line @ the End of Hip Rafter Level Line
Rafter layout
Rafter layout
hip roofs easy rafters can be used to calculate standard hip roofs
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