A roof structure is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The word denotes the framing or structure which helps that covering also.[1]The characteristics of any roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building which it covers, the available roofing materials and the neighborhood traditions of structure and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah might be roofed with materials that defends against sun light but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top might provide additional living space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the design of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of your roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and hardwood shakes and shingles.
The construction of a roof is determined by its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof top is pitched. The pitch is the position at which the roof goes up from its lowest to highest point. Most US home structures, except in very dried out areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes may take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and custom. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rain, an almost smooth roof with hook run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes take away the dependence on a sloping roof also.
A person that specializes in roof top construction is called a roofer.The durability of any roofing is a matter of concern because the roof covering is usually the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or devastation can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roofing is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof are a concern in its composition and the decision of roofing material.Some roofer materials, especially those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is installed under the external level often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against warmth and cold, noises, dirt and often from the lice and droppings of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce heat caused by the sun.Types of insulation are sensed or cheap sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed directly below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming more and more popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems like the formation of ice dams about the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on top parts of the roof structure to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams happen when high temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those points melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may bring about structural destruction from stress, including the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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