A roofing is part of any building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of an roof are based mostly upon the purpose of the building which it includes, the available roofing materials and the neighborhood traditions of construction and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah might be roofed with material that protects against sun rays but admits the other elements. The roof of your garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.
The construction of the roof is determined by its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof top is pitched. The pitch is the perspective at which the roof increases from its lowest to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried out areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes might remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and appearance. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainwater, an almost smooth roof with hook run-off provides satisfactory protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the need for a sloping roof covering.
Somebody who specializes in roofing construction is called a roofer.The durability of the roof structure is a matter of concern because the roof covering is usually the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or damage can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof covering is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof structure are a thought in its structure and the decision of roofing material.Some roof covering materials, specifically those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside level. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against heat and cold, noise, dirt and frequently from the droppings and lice of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between your tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce heating caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are plastic or believed sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed straight below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular ever more, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofer can suffer from problems like the formation of glaciers dams around the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on higher elements of the rooftop to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams appear when high temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those things melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This can result in structural damage from stress, including the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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