A roof is part of any building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of your roof are based mostly upon the purpose of the building it includes, the available roof materials and the neighborhood traditions of construction and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects generally against rain. A verandah might be roofed with material that helps to protect against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA rooftop could also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the look of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.
The construction of a roof depends upon its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the rooftop is pitched. The pitch is the perspective at which the roof increases from its least expensive to highest point. Most US local structures, except in very dried areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes might take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and looks. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainfall, an almost smooth roof with hook run-off provides sufficient protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping roofing also.
Somebody who specializes in rooftop construction is named a roofer.The durability of your roof is a subject of concern because the roof structure is often the least accessible part of your building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or damage can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof structure is to safeguard people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roofing are a concern in its structure and the decision of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, particularly those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is installed under the outer level often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against warmth and cold, noise, dirt and grime and often from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce heating up caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are vinyl or believed sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed directly below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become increasingly popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofing can suffer from problems such as the formation of snow dams around the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on upper parts of the roofing to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams take place when heat escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true tips melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may result in structural destruction from stress, including the damage of drainage and gutter systems.
ReliabilityBased Design of Structures Under Seismic Loading
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ReliabilityBased Design of Structures Under Seismic Loading
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