A roof is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which provides protection from family pets and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, sunlight and wind. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of any roof are centered upon the goal of the building so it covers, the available roofing materials and the local traditions of engineering and wider principles of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mainly against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing may provide additional liveable space, for example a roof covering garden.The elements in the look of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated glass, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and timber shingles and shakes.
The construction of any roof is determined by its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the perspective of which the roof increases from its minimum to highest point. Most US local structures, except in very dry parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes might remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and aesthetics. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In locations where there is little rain, an almost level roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also take away the need for a sloping roof top.
A person that specializes in roof covering construction is called a roofer.The durability of a roof is a subject of concern because the rooftop is usually the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or damage can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a rooftop is to safeguard people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roof structure are a awareness in its structure and the decision of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous material particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the exterior covering. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against heating and cold, noises, dirt and grime and frequently from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed departing a space between the tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce heating up caused by the sun.Types of insulation are vinyl or noticed sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed straight below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become significantly popular, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof can suffer from problems like the formation of glaciers dams about the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on upper elements of the rooftop to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams arise when temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those tips melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This may bring about structural harm from stress, like the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
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