A roofing is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of an building or shelter which provides protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of your roof are reliant upon the goal of the building that this covers, the available roofer materials and the local traditions of construction and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with material that defends against sun light but admits the other elements. The roof of your garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure may also provide additional living space, for example a roof covering garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the globe ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and solid wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of a roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof top is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof goes up from its most affordable to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dried out regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes might take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and traditions. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainwater, an almost chiseled roof with hook run-off provides enough protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping roof structure also.
Somebody who specializes in rooftop construction is called a roofer.The durability of a roof covering is a matter of concern because the roof is often the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or destruction can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roofing is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof top are a account in its framework and the decision of roofing material.Some roof covering materials, specifically those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the external covering. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against warmth and cold, noises, dirt and grime and often from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed going out of a space between the tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce heat caused by the sun.Types of insulation are plastic material or experienced sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed directly below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular more and more, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof covering can suffer from problems such as the formation of ice dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing normal water from melted snow on top elements of the roof top to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams occur when heat escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true things melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This may lead to structural harm from stress, like the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
Roof Loads Civil Engineering
roof loads by resisting bending, while trusses resolve roof loads by
Efficient roof design also able it take heavy snow loads
Map from American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE http://publicecodes
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