A roof structure is part of your building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, sunlight and wind. The word denotes the framing or composition which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of any roof are centered upon the goal of the building it covers, the available roof covering materials and the neighborhood traditions of building and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects mostly against rain. A verandah might be roofed with materials that shields against sunshine but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure might provide additional living space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and solid wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of an roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up rooftop is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof goes up from its least expensive to highest point. Most US local structures, except in very dried out areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes might take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and appearance. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rainwater, an almost chiseled roof with a slight run-off provides satisfactory protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also take away the dependence on a sloping roofing.
A person that specializes in rooftop construction is called a roofer.The durability of any roof structure is a matter of concern because the roof covering is usually the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious results.
Because the reason for a rooftop is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof are a consideration in its composition and the decision of roofing materials.Some roof materials, specifically those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside part. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against temperature and cold, noise, dirt and frequently from the droppings and lice of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed departing a space between your tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce heating caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are vinyl or felt sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other material directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular ever more, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofer can suffer from problems like the formation of glaciers dams across the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof top to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams happen when warmth escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This can result in structural destruction from stress, including the damage of gutter and drainage systems.
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