A roofing is part of a building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, sunlight and wind. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are dependent upon the goal of the building that it includes, the available roof materials and the neighborhood traditions of building and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of your garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing could also provide additional living space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the globe ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and hardwood shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the position at which the roof increases from its most affordable to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried up regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes may remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of tradition and appearance. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rain, an almost level roof with hook run-off provides satisfactory protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping roofing also.
A person that specializes in roof covering construction is called a roofer.The durability of a rooftop is a matter of concern because the roof structure is often the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof structure is to safeguard people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof top are a consideration in its framework and the decision of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, specifically those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the outer level often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against heat and cold, noise, mud and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between your tiles and the roof top surface, it can reduce heating system caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are felt or plastic material sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other material straight; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular significantly, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roof can suffer from problems including the formation of glaciers dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on upper parts of the roof structure to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams appear when temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those items melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This can cause structural harm from stress, like the damage of gutter and drainage systems.
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