A roofing is part of a building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from pets and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term denotes the framing or structure which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of a roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building which it includes, the available roof materials and the local traditions of construction and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of your garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top might provide additional living space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the look of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and lumber shakes and shingles.
The construction of any roof depends upon its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roofing is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof increases from its lowest to highest point. Most US home structures, except in very dry regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes might remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and looks. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rainwater, an almost even roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes remove the need for a sloping roof top also.
A person that specializes in roofing construction is named a roofer.The durability of an rooftop is a matter of matter because the roof top is usually the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or devastation can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof structure is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of your roof structure are a consideration in its framework and the decision of roofing materials.Some roof materials, specifically those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the outer covering. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against high temperature and cold, noises, dirt and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed going out of a space between the tiles and the roof surface, it can reduce heating caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are thought or clear plastic sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other materials immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular increasingly, and in some instances are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof can have problems with problems including the formation of glaciers dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on top parts of the roof covering to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams happen when temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This can lead to structural damage from stress, including the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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