A roof structure is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which gives protection from family pets and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The word denotes the framing or framework which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of an roof are centered upon the goal of the building it addresses, the available roof materials and the local traditions of construction and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mainly against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top may also provide additional living space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of the roof depends upon its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roofing is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof rises from its minimum to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dried out locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes might remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and tradition. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In parts where there is little rain, an almost toned roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also take away the dependence on a sloping roof.
Somebody who specializes in roof construction is called a roofer.The durability of your roofing is a subject of concern because the roof covering is usually the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or damage can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof top is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of your roof are a account in its composition and the decision of roofing materials.Some roofer materials, specifically those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the outer level. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against high temperature and cold, sound, dirt and grime and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed going out of a space between the tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce warming caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are plastic material or believed sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed directly below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular increasingly, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems including the formation of snow dams around the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on higher elements of the roof top to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams take place when heating escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those tips melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This may result in structural damage from stress, including the damage of gutter and drainage systems.
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