A roof is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The term denotes the framing or structure which helps that covering also.[1]The characteristics of any roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building it addresses, the available roofer materials and the neighborhood traditions of structure and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with material that shields against sun rays but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and real wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of an roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof is pitched. The pitch is the perspective of which the roof rises from its most affordable to highest point. Most US home structures, except in very dried regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes may take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and looks. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainwater, an almost even roof with a slight run-off provides satisfactory protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes take away the need for a sloping roofing also.
A person that specializes in roof top construction is called a roofer.The durability of your roofing is a matter of matter because the roof is often the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or harm can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof top is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roofing are a consideration in its structure and the decision of roofing material.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous materials particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the external coating often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against high temperature and cold, noises, dirt and frequently from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the roof surface, it can reduce warming caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are clear plastic or noticed sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed directly below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become ever more popular, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofer can have problems with problems including the formation of glaciers dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on top parts of the roofing to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams take place when high temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those details melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This can lead to structural harm from stress, including the damage of drainage and gutter systems.
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