A roof top is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of an building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are reliant upon the goal of the building that it covers, the available roof covering materials and the neighborhood traditions of construction and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof covering could also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and solid wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of an roof depends upon its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the rooftop is pitched. The pitch is the position at which the roof increases from its lowest to highest point. Most US local structures, except in very dried regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes might remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of looks and custom. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In regions where there is little rain, an almost smooth roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also take away the need for a sloping roof top.
A person that specializes in roof construction is called a roofer.The durability of the roof top is a subject of concern because the roof structure is often the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or destruction can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of your roof structure are a thought in its framework and the choice of roofing material.Some roof materials, specifically those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the outside layer often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against heating and cold, sound, dirt and grime and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed leaving a space between your tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce warming caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are believed or plastic sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed directly below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become progressively popular, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems such as the formation of ice dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on upper parts of the roof structure to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams happen when heating escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those items melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This may lead to structural destruction from stress, including the damage of gutter and drainage systems.
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