A roof covering is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of any roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building so it covers, the available roof materials and the local traditions of development and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mostly against rain. A verandah might be roofed with material that defends against natural light but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA rooftop might provide additional living space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a rooftop are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint of which the roof rises from its least expensive to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dry out areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes may take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and aesthetics. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In areas where there is little rain, an almost level roof with a slight run-off provides enough protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes take away the need for a sloping rooftop also.
Somebody who specializes in roofing construction is named a roofer.The durability of an roof covering is a matter of concern because the roof top is often the least accessible part of your building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or damage can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a rooftop is to safeguard people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roof are a factor in its framework and the decision of roofing material.Some roof materials, specifically those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the external layer often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against temperature and cold, noises, dirt and often from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between your tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce home heating caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are thought or plastic sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed immediately below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular progressively, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofer can suffer from problems such as the formation of ice dams throughout the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on higher parts of the rooftop to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams happen when temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those tips melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may bring about structural damage from stress, like the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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