A rooftop is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of an roof are centered upon the purpose of the building it covers, the available roof materials and the local traditions of structure and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of your garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure could also provide additional living space, for example a roof covering garden.The elements in the design of a roof are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and timber shingles and shakes.
The construction of a roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint of which the roof increases from its minimum to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dried locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes might remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and appearance. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In locations where there is little rainfall, an almost toned roof with a slight run-off provides enough protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the need for a sloping roof top.
A person that specializes in roofing construction is called a roofer.The durability of a roof structure is a matter of concern because the rooftop is often the least accessible part of your building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof top is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of your roof top are a awareness in its structure and the choice of roofing material.Some roofing materials, especially those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the external layer often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against temperature and cold, noises, dirt and frequently from the droppings and lice of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce home heating caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are plastic or sensed sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed directly below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming ever more popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roof can have problems with problems like the formation of glaciers dams about the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on upper elements of the roof to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams arise when high temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true tips melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This may cause structural harm from stress, including the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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