A roof is part of a building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of an building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of your roof are based mostly upon the goal of the building so it covers, the available roofer materials and the local traditions of building and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects generally against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof may provide additional living space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a roof are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the earth ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.
The construction of a roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roofing is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof increases from its most affordable to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dried areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes may take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and looks. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In regions where there is little rainwater, an almost level roof with a slight run-off provides satisfactory protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also take away the need for a sloping roof covering.
A person that specializes in roofing construction is called a roofer.The durability of any roofing is a subject of matter because the roof top is often the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or devastation can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof structure is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof covering are a concern in its structure and the decision of roofing material.Some roofer materials, those of natural fibrous material especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the external part often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against heat and cold, noises, mud and frequently from the droppings and lice of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce heating up caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are clear plastic or experienced sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other materials directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming increasingly popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofer can have problems with problems such as the formation of ice dams throughout the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on top parts of the roof covering to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams take place when heat escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those details melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This may result in structural destruction from stress, like the devastation of gutter and drainage systems.
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