A roof covering is part of any building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, sunlight and wind. The word denotes the framing or framework which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of any roof are centered upon the purpose of the building it covers, the available roofer materials and the neighborhood traditions of building and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah might be roofed with materials that protects against sun rays but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof could also provide additional living space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the look of a rooftop are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the globe ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and timber shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof is determined by its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the position at which the roof rises from its most affordable to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dried regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes may remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of tradition and looks. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rain, an almost flat roof with hook run-off provides enough protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also take away the need for a sloping roof.
A person that specializes in roof structure construction is named a roofer.The durability of the rooftop is a subject of concern because the roof top is usually the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or devastation can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a rooftop is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a rooftop are a thought in its framework and the decision of roofing material.Some roofer materials, specifically those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the outer covering. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against heat and cold, sound, mud and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed going out of a space between your tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce home heating caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are plastic or thought sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed immediately below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become progressively more popular, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof covering can have problems with problems like the formation of ice dams throughout the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing normal water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof structure to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams take place when heating escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those tips melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This can cause structural damage from stress, including the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
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