A roof is part of your building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of your building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term denotes the framing or composition which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of any roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building so it addresses, the available roof materials and the neighborhood traditions of construction and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects generally against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof might provide additional living space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a roof are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and solid wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of an roof depends upon its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the position at which the roof increases from its minimum to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried out parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes might remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and traditions. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainfall, an almost even roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes take away the need for a sloping rooftop also.
Somebody who specializes in roof structure construction is called a roofer.The durability of an roof structure is a matter of matter because the roof structure is usually the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or damage can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof top is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof structure are a factor in its structure and the decision of roofing material.Some roofing materials, specifically those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the external layer often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against warmth and cold, noise, dirt and frequently from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed giving a space between your tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce heating system caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are experienced or plastic material sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed straight below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular increasingly, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofing can suffer from problems including the formation of ice dams round the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on top elements of the roofing to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams happen when warmth escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true tips melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This may cause structural damage from stress, including the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
Small sustainable house in California by Arkin Tilt Architects
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