A roof covering is part of a building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of your building or shelter which gives protection from family pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of a roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building which it covers, the available roof materials and the local traditions of engineering and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects mainly against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA rooftop might provide additional liveable space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roof are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of parts of the planet ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and hardwood shingles and shakes.
The construction of a roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the angle at which the roof goes up from its minimum to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried up locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes may take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and appearance. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, and to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rain, an almost smooth roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the need for a sloping roof top also.
Somebody who specializes in roofing construction is named a roofer.The durability of an roofing is a matter of concern because the roofing is often the least accessible part of your building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof structure is to safeguard people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof structure are a concern in its composition and the choice of roofing material.Some roofer materials, those of natural fibrous materials particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is installed under the external coating often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against heat and cold, noise, mud and often from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed going out of a space between your tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce heating caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are felt or clear plastic sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed directly below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming progressively popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems including the formation of snow dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing normal water from melted snow on higher elements of the roof top to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams occur when high temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may cause structural harm from stress, including the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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