A roof covering is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of a roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building it includes, the available roofing materials and the neighborhood traditions of structure and wider principles of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the planet ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and lumber shakes and shingles.
The construction of a roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof top is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof rises from its minimum to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dried out regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes might remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and appearance. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainwater, an almost chiseled roof with hook run-off provides sufficient protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also take away the dependence on a sloping roofing.
A person that specializes in roof construction is called a roofer.The durability of an roof is a matter of concern because the roofing is often the least accessible part of your building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or destruction can have serious results.
Because the reason for a rooftop is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof top are a thought in its framework and the decision of roofing material.Some roofer materials, those of natural fibrous materials especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside part. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against high temperature and cold, noise, dirt and grime and often from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce heating system caused by the sun.Types of insulation are clear plastic or felt sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed immediately below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming more and more popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofer can suffer from problems including the formation of snow dams across the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof top to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams take place when warmth escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This may result in structural destruction from stress, including the damage of drainage and gutter systems.
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